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Utilization of vibrational spectroscopy for in-situ qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microbial biomass
Kevélyová, Barbora ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the applicability of selected methods of vibrational spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomass, which contains polyhydroxyalkanoates. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, that uses attenuated total reflection technique (ATR-FTIR), was chosen for this experiment. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) has been studied in Cupriavidus malaysiensis, Thermomonas hydrothermalis and Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus sp. H1. Data were obtained by evaluating the infrared spectra, which were then compared with the results of performed gas chromatography. Visual changes in the spectra were also observed along with crystallinity. No correlation was detected between the data obtained by gas chromatography and by the method ATR-FTIR in quantitative analysis. Thus, this method is not suitable for determining the content of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in biomass in the set experiment and the bacteria used. On the other hand, the method was successfully used for in-situ qualitative analysis of copolymer in the samples of Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus sp. H1. The degree of data correlation was relatively high in the given experiment. With these findings, ATR-FTIR is a suitable analytical method for determining the monomer composition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in this strain. Comparison with the PHA producer Cupriavidus malaysiensis showed that this method is not universal for all types of microorganisms observed in this thesis.
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Development and optimization of ointment preparation for burn healing
Müllerová, Kristýna ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis aims to prepare ointments based on an ointment base with the addition of a bioactive component of chlorophyll according to a recipe from an unknow doctor. The basic characteristic of emulsions was performer in the theoretical part, their instability and possible methods of stabilization were described. Furthermore, the reader is acquainted with the bioactive substance of chlorophyll, selected ointments for the healing of burns and wounds and finally with the use in medicine. In the Experimental part, the preparation of emulsion bases of ointment was described. Based on a performed analysis of stability using analytical centrifuge, two ointments bases were selected, to which other components were added – chlorophyll, beeswax, and chamomile extract. The stability of completely prepared ointments was studied at 25 °C and 37 °C, this analysis was performed even after a longer time interval. Using ATR-FTIR spectrometry the present functional groups were identified at prepared ointments, individual components of the ointments base and chlorophyll. Based on the stability measurement of the prepared ointments and rheological measurements (oscillation and rotational measurements), it was evaluated that the best properties were shown by the prepared ointment with an ointment base consisting of 30 wt. % white vaseline and 70 wt. % synderman.
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FTIR analysis of soils containing plastics and microplastics
Sinčáková, Lenka ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the sources of microplastics in soils, their potential toxicity for men as well as the environment and soil-plastic interaction. It provides an overview of methods that are commonly used for qualitative and quantitative characterisation of microplastics in soils with focus on FTIR spectrometry. In the experimental part, real soil samples were evaluated with the use of ATR-FTIR based on model soils-microplastics mixtures calibrations. Vaidation models for model mixtures and carbon content were also evaluated.
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Properties comparison of two products used for skating rink based on ehtylene-propylene-dien rubber
Kostková, Jana ; Kučera, František (referee) ; Bálková, Radka (advisor)
This master thesis deals with characterization of two black and white products based on ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) used for skating rink. Products marked with A and are different in their diameter of circular tubes trough which cooling medium passes and also in the distance of these tubes. Both of materials were characterized in order to determine whether it is the EPDM and how are they different. The characterization methods were used: differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile test, swelling test, thermooxidative test. The composition of both materials, including fillers and others additives is almost the same but difference is in structure of EPDM and probably also in interaction with fillers, what exhibits different mechanical properties, thermooxidative stability and thermal capacity. These differences which have been found are essential for long-term use properties of both materials.
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Physical hydrogels based on biopolymers and surfactants
Velcer, Tomáš ; Lehocký, Marián (referee) ; Kráčalík, Milan (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This doctoral thesis studies the properties and behaviour of phase-separated hydrogels. These can be prepared by interaction of polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged surfactants. Negatively charged polysaccharide hyaluronan and cationic surfactant carbethopendecinium bromide (Septonex), whose properties, behaviour and utilization are described in the first two chapters of theoretical part, were selected for this role. Hyaluronan is naturally-occuring in living organisms and is known for his specific targeting to the tumour cells. Septonex is used as antiseptic and disinfectant. Experimental part of this work is focused on examination of the structure and behaviour of these types of hydrogels especially from rheological point of view. The crucial part of this study was to establish mechanical properties and their dependence on environment. This led to design further studies. Structural analysis was held using the methods of ATR-FTIR, ionic chromatography and ICP-OES helping to measure the inner content of entry materials in the gels and supernatants respectively. The last chapter deals with antimicrobial activity. The results of this study indicate a potential usage of these substances in the field of medical applications.
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Development and optimization of ointment preparation for burn healing
Müllerová, Kristýna ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis aims to prepare ointments based on an ointment base with the addition of a bioactive component of chlorophyll according to a recipe from an unknow doctor. The basic characteristic of emulsions was performer in the theoretical part, their instability and possible methods of stabilization were described. Furthermore, the reader is acquainted with the bioactive substance of chlorophyll, selected ointments for the healing of burns and wounds and finally with the use in medicine. In the Experimental part, the preparation of emulsion bases of ointment was described. Based on a performed analysis of stability using analytical centrifuge, two ointments bases were selected, to which other components were added – chlorophyll, beeswax, and chamomile extract. The stability of completely prepared ointments was studied at 25 °C and 37 °C, this analysis was performed even after a longer time interval. Using ATR-FTIR spectrometry the present functional groups were identified at prepared ointments, individual components of the ointments base and chlorophyll. Based on the stability measurement of the prepared ointments and rheological measurements (oscillation and rotational measurements), it was evaluated that the best properties were shown by the prepared ointment with an ointment base consisting of 30 wt. % white vaseline and 70 wt. % synderman.
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FTIR analysis of soils containing plastics and microplastics
Sinčáková, Lenka ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the sources of microplastics in soils, their potential toxicity for men as well as the environment and soil-plastic interaction. It provides an overview of methods that are commonly used for qualitative and quantitative characterisation of microplastics in soils with focus on FTIR spectrometry. In the experimental part, real soil samples were evaluated with the use of ATR-FTIR based on model soils-microplastics mixtures calibrations. Vaidation models for model mixtures and carbon content were also evaluated.
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|
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Utilization of vibrational spectroscopy for in-situ qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microbial biomass
Kevélyová, Barbora ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the applicability of selected methods of vibrational spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomass, which contains polyhydroxyalkanoates. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, that uses attenuated total reflection technique (ATR-FTIR), was chosen for this experiment. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) has been studied in Cupriavidus malaysiensis, Thermomonas hydrothermalis and Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus sp. H1. Data were obtained by evaluating the infrared spectra, which were then compared with the results of performed gas chromatography. Visual changes in the spectra were also observed along with crystallinity. No correlation was detected between the data obtained by gas chromatography and by the method ATR-FTIR in quantitative analysis. Thus, this method is not suitable for determining the content of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in biomass in the set experiment and the bacteria used. On the other hand, the method was successfully used for in-situ qualitative analysis of copolymer in the samples of Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus sp. H1. The degree of data correlation was relatively high in the given experiment. With these findings, ATR-FTIR is a suitable analytical method for determining the monomer composition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in this strain. Comparison with the PHA producer Cupriavidus malaysiensis showed that this method is not universal for all types of microorganisms observed in this thesis.
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|
Physical hydrogels based on biopolymers and surfactants
Velcer, Tomáš ; Lehocký, Marián (referee) ; Kráčalík, Milan (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This doctoral thesis studies the properties and behaviour of phase-separated hydrogels. These can be prepared by interaction of polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged surfactants. Negatively charged polysaccharide hyaluronan and cationic surfactant carbethopendecinium bromide (Septonex), whose properties, behaviour and utilization are described in the first two chapters of theoretical part, were selected for this role. Hyaluronan is naturally-occuring in living organisms and is known for his specific targeting to the tumour cells. Septonex is used as antiseptic and disinfectant. Experimental part of this work is focused on examination of the structure and behaviour of these types of hydrogels especially from rheological point of view. The crucial part of this study was to establish mechanical properties and their dependence on environment. This led to design further studies. Structural analysis was held using the methods of ATR-FTIR, ionic chromatography and ICP-OES helping to measure the inner content of entry materials in the gels and supernatants respectively. The last chapter deals with antimicrobial activity. The results of this study indicate a potential usage of these substances in the field of medical applications.
|
|
|
Properties comparison of two products used for skating rink based on ehtylene-propylene-dien rubber
Kostková, Jana ; Kučera, František (referee) ; Bálková, Radka (advisor)
This master thesis deals with characterization of two black and white products based on ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) used for skating rink. Products marked with A and are different in their diameter of circular tubes trough which cooling medium passes and also in the distance of these tubes. Both of materials were characterized in order to determine whether it is the EPDM and how are they different. The characterization methods were used: differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile test, swelling test, thermooxidative test. The composition of both materials, including fillers and others additives is almost the same but difference is in structure of EPDM and probably also in interaction with fillers, what exhibits different mechanical properties, thermooxidative stability and thermal capacity. These differences which have been found are essential for long-term use properties of both materials.
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